Airship.



A. BOERNER.

AIRSHIP,

APPLICATION FILED APR.2I.1914. RENEWED OCT. 5. I915.

1,1 60,095. Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

Fig. I

Fig.

122"?) 055%, (9. Draw, WW M males, the loss oi gas by changes and 2.

The distribution of the three g: ses

tiia irian BDERNEQ. 0F PARIS, FRANCE.-

il l fillllilfi.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Applicationfiled April 21, 191%,821141 .030. 833.389. Renewed cctober 5, 1915. Serial No. 54,257.

To all whomit may concern:

Be it known that I, ilnxo'llonnxun, a. subject of the Empire of Germany, residing at Paris, Seine, France, 122 Avenue de la R- publique, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ail-ships, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact scription. v

The present system employs primarily, n air-ship navigation, three gases confined in three chambers for the purpose of securing l)l1() 'llll(f safety and ballast control. is an example, hydrogen may be used the lifting gas, as insulating gas nitrogen may be used: and for the purpose or the practical utilization of said lifting gas, an air-chamber is used whose *apamty depends on the height of ascent which i. had in view. With these means. by the use of the propulsive force for vertical steering, for the puroF the origialums pheric pressure and variations in the atmosiherie temperature are avoided: also the use of ballast heroines superfluous. llv the prerent airship system, longitudinal and transverse sjngle balloons holdingdil'lereul' gases are primarily provided, under cover ot a. common envelop. The longitudinal rows are separated into sections, so that the llaree transverse balloons form one section. The individual balloons are arranged in quadrangular form in order to avoid the intermediate spaces which occur. as such, in cvlindrieal balloons. and are bound together at their angles. by cords or rings and bolts, so that the whole balloon system appe: as a unitary body.

In the drawing;

pose of equalizing the disturbance balance. from whatever cause this herewith l igure l. is a diagrammatic end elevation of in nven: tion, partly broken away. Fig". :2 is a s nular view but broken away on different lines from what is done. H1 1. l 15;. Bus a diagrainnratn: view and shows a lll()(l!l1(f'll tion of th balloon system shown in Figs. 1

. in lihi balloon system tak s place as iollo s: Th centralrov: or ser S, fl", is filled with th lifting gas, hydrogen, for example, am. or balloons attached to the right and loft, are provided with double covers. The bag; or inner cover is somewhat larger than the outer cover, so that the strain the material is avoided.

In the longitudinal direction, the inner cover is fastened to the outer cover for a.

breadth of five centimeters, and gastight,

in itself the chamber B, which is connected to the chamber-B From whatever cause the balloon gas is expanded. it is-to be borne in mind that the chambers ll aud A? remain constant in volume. All the chambers ll.- are connected to A by a system of tubes or pipes. Chamber C, is furnished with a safety l'illm', through which the volume of'gas in chamber Q, can. escape. liv attaching this chamber to the "fans or pumps, the volume is restored to the normal. according to well known methods. ll the lhreeballoon-gases are expanded then the excess of volume of the clnunbsr A is forced autounitieally orspontaneouslyinto chamber if. her into ll, and by the yielding of the walls of the material, the chamber *3, cc tainingr air. will lose its contents, wliic the volume of the gas is reduced, for stance. by cooling, will again enter l-liron the valves. as seen in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 3 shows a balloon system without this three-row svstem: then the distribution of gas is as Follows:-(hanil er 1. contains ills "lilting-gas. hydrogen. chambers Q, 3., 'Z d T. contain the insulating chambers and 5, contain air to ha. 3

against the gas. lt is clearly evident that lOllfI as chambers C are not empty that neither h Hing" gas nor insulating gas is lost. In aeeordaiu-e with ll is purpose, the (newlsers \\'lll(ll (Hilllllil hydrogen a '9 filled w (30); of the total balloon volume: these coniaining' nitrogen with 15% of the total ume of the balloon. and the air ehain?) with 25'}, total 109. the balloon has a heigat o? illlllll meters, ivitliout loss o I losses of the zip-drive or lilting teadencv,

through nitrogen a re reduced .0 about 1/100. If about 1.300 liters of rising gas are lo." through the. material of the balloon per hundred square meters, in Ql hours than t of updrivo in the present system. is only iters. for the i500 lit us of pass into the insnla chamber Fatcn ted out a l, Milli.

By the overflow from chem,

will escape, for the nitrogen chambers will be saturated with no more than 5% of hydrogen, so the 300 liters contain only 5% of rising gas, for nitrogen does not come as such into consideration. The loss of updrive is also 5% of 30015 liters over against 1500 in a single gas chamber.

The insulating gas diminishes the loss of' updrive during the travel of the air ship very substantially, and has the great advantage of avoiding the risk of explosions. If the cover is damaged by fire, nitrogen flows out, which immediately extinguishes the of ballast, tei'np'erature variations for example, can be avoided.

The 3 chamber-system, as such, is a nonrigid-balloon system, which, it is true, rises and falls to the elastic height with constant weight, but only through variations of atmospheric pressure, without the use of ballast,'or gas loss. \Vith variations of temperature the application of the forward I driving force to the equalization of the distui'bance of balance (equal weight) is necessary. There occurs also in this case a double action in the whole of the balloon. If, for

example, the air ship meets a stream of cold air, it Will momentarily obtain an excess of updrive: the consequence is a sudden ascent so far as the elastic height, until this excess is destroyed by loss of gas: the second re-, action followsffor the temperature of the gas falls in accordance With the temperature of the stream of cold air, and accordingly "produces a diminution .of updrive, which must be equalized by the use of ballast.

Both reactions are only disadvantaget on account of the difi'erence of time in which they occur, for, in reality they neutralize each other. For as in the first reaction the gas is irrevocably lost, the second reaction requires the equivalent in loss of ballast. If now we destroy, in this case, the foregoing excess of updrive, of the first reaction, by dynamical force, while applying the forward driving force, by suitable means for the updrive and forward drive, we are in a position to avoid the consequences of the first reaction, (in this case loss of gas). This is only necessary up to the time when the gas is cooled; for instance in the case where the application of dynamical force is necessary for the ascent. F or the balance is reestablished by the fact that the excess of updrive caused by the atmosphere cooling, is compensated by a corresponding cooling of the balloon gases which causes an equally great diminution of updrive. So, neither the harmful consequences of the first reaction (loss of gas), nor those of the second reaction, (use of ballast) have any influence. A further advantage is of importance, the subdivision of the balloon system'into sections, by which it is possible to bring about the balance (equality of weight) of the horizontal position bydisplacement ofgas.

\Vhat I claim and desire 'to secure, is In an air ship system employing gases of different kinds, central compartments containing lifting gas, ballonnets at each side thereof and connected therewith, outside compartments contammg IDSL1ltltlI1g.g21S,

surrounding at the top and sides said lifting gas compartments and ballonnets, ballast compartments adjoining the inner side walls of the insulating compartments, flexible ballonnets communicating with the insulat ing compartments and forming gas tight partitions between the said ballast compartments and the lifting gas ballonnets.

In testimony whereof I alfix my signature.

' ARNO BOERNER. In the presence of IV, Box c1 1, CHAS. P. PnEssLY. 

